SMOKY   QUARTZ
Includes all varieties with hues from pale brownish smoky to rich brown to nearly black; cairngorm is rich brown material and morion is material of very dark color; can be heat-treated to lighten or drive off color completely; smoky quartz with yellowish tinge is commonly a mixture of smoky and citrine and can be heat-treated to remove the smoky hue and leave behind the pure citrine color; virtually all material is supplied commercially by Brazil but also available from Madagascar, California, Maine, and elsewhere. Favored for faceted gems which are often misleadingly called “smoky topaz.” Also used in carvings, spheres, and other ornamental objects.